Molecular genetics plays an important role in many aspects of conservation such as the characterization of plant genetic diversity for purposes of improved acquisition, maintenance and use. In general, studies of phylogeny and species evaluation have been undertaken and have produced a considerable amount of valuable information. More recently, the molecular techniques have been applied to problems of direct relevance in order to understand distribution and extent of variation within and between species and accessions.
Global Plan of Action
The Global Plan of Action provides a comprehensive scientific and technical framework for international and national action at the global level.
It was adopted by 150 countries in 1996 through the Leipzig Declaration and was endorsed by the World Food Summit Plan of Action and the CBD (FAO, 1996b). The Global Plan of Action presents 20 Priority Activity Areas (PAA).
The Global Plan of Action identifies a role for biotechnologies in
PAA 11:“Promoting sustainable agriculture through diversification of crop production and broader diversity in crops”.
One of its objectives is: “to promote the goal of higher levels of genetic diversity consistent with productivity increase and agronomic needs, including in crop production, plant breeding and biotechnological research and development settings”. Regardy capacity: “governments, and their national agricultural research systems, supported by the International Agricultural Research Centres, and other research and extension organizations should: make use of modern biotechnological techniques as feasible, to facilitate broadening of the genetic base of crops”.
Biotechnologies have a role in realizing other priority activities of the Global Plan of Action, in particular, but not exclusively :
PAA 5: “Sustaining existing ex situ collections”;
PAA 8: “Expanding ex situ conservation activities”;
PAA 9: “Expanding characterization, evaluation and number of core collections to facilitate use”;
and PAA 10: “Increasing genetic enhancement and base-broadening efforts”.
Roles of molecular technology in studies of plant genetic resources:
Genetic diversity studies
Germplasm management
Germplasm use
Genetic diversity studies
Genetic relatedness and diversity
Studying polymorphism in landraces and cultivars
Identification of cultivars and taxonomy
Phylogenetic studies
Comparative mapping
Germplasm management
Taxonomic characterization of germplasm
Maintenance of collections
Development conservation strategies
Germplasm use
Gene mapping and identification
Marker-assisted selection in plant breeding
Detecting somaclonal variation
Evaluating germplasm for useful genes
Objectives of MGL in NGBGR
Detect polymorphism and phylogenetic relationships between accessions.
Identify fingerprints of Egyptian germplasm.
Monitor genetic stability in conserved materials.
Determine specific molecular markers for agronomically desired characteristics.
The Seed Viability Testing Laboratory at National Genes Bank plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality and longevity of seed accessions. Our laboratory specializes in evaluating seed viability and germination rates, utilizing advanced techniques in seed production technology, molecular biology, and Nano-biology. We are dedicated to enhancing seed quality and viability during storage and improving seed resistance to both biotic and abiotic environmental stresses.
Strategy
Our strategy focuses on blending scientific research with practical applications in seed viability testing and quality assurance during storage. By partnering with local and international organizations, we aim to deepen our understanding of seed biology and enhance sustainable conservation techniques. This ensures that our seed bank remains a valuable resource for future generations.
Objective
Maintain the genetic integrity of seed collections by accurately determining seed viability and implementing optimal storage conditions. This involves a combination of traditional seed testing techniques and advanced molecular biology methods by:
Enhancing Seed Conservation Protocols: Developing cutting-edge methods to extend the viability of stored seeds.
Assessing Seed Viability: Determining the viability of accession seeds at the start of storage.
Regeneration Timing: Predicting optimal times for seed regeneration by conducting regular viability tests.
Adhering to Standards: Implementing the rules and appropriate standards for seed testing set by the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), the Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA), and the Genebank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.
The role of Lab/Dept
Seed Viability Assessment: Conducting regular assessments to determine the percentage of viable seeds and identify potential deterioration.
Storage Condition Optimization: Recommending optimal storage conditions, such as temperature and humidity, to prolong seed longevity.
Research and Development: Engaging in research to develop innovative techniques for seed preservation and to improve our understanding of seed biology.
Quality Control: Implementing strict quality control measures to ensure the accuracy and reliability of testing results.
International Collaboration: Collaborating with international organizations and researchers to share knowledge and best practices.
Our Research Focuses On
Seed Preservation Techniques: Developing modern methods for seed preservation that leverage molecular and nanotechnology.
Biochemical Analysis: Investigating biochemical changes in seeds during storage to enhance quality.
Natural Compounds: Understanding the role of natural compounds in seed crops and their applications.
Genetic Diversity: Exploring the genetic basis of metabolic diversity in seeds to develop conservation and adaptation strategies.
Laboratory scientific equipment
The laboratory is equipped with state-of-the-art equipment to carry out its functions effectively:
Germination Chambers: Controlled environment chambers that simulate optimal conditions for seed germination.
Microscopes: Used for detailed examination of seed morphology and viability.
Analytical Balances: For precise measurements of seed weight and moisture content.
Oven: For drying samples and conducting moisture content tests.
Molecular Biology Equipment: Includes PCR machines and gel electrophoresis systems for advanced genetic analysis.
Other Specialized Equipment: Such as seed counters, seed cutters, and various laboratory glassware.
Seed Testing Services
Viability and Vigor Tests: Assess the potential for seeds to germinate and grow vigorously.
Germination Test: Measures the percentage of seeds that germinate under controlled conditions.
Rate of Germination: Evaluates how quickly seeds germinate.
Germination Duration Test: Assesses the time taken for seeds to germinate fully.
Tetrazolium (TZ) Test: A biochemical test to determine seed viability based on enzyme activity.
Seed Quality Test: General assessment of seed health, including purity and viability.
Accelerated Aging Test: Simulates aging conditions to predict seed longevity and performance.
Conductivity Test: Measures the electrical conductivity of seed leachate to assess seed damage.
Purity and Identification: Evaluates the composition of seed lots and identifies seed species.
Expected Storage Period of Seeds Test: Estimates how long seeds can be stored while maintaining quality.
Genetic Traits and Varietal Identification: Identifies genetic makeup and variety of seeds.
Thermogradient Germination Test: Tests germination across a temperature gradient to assess tolerance.
Other Specialty Tests: Additional tests tailored to specific seed types or requirements.
Imagine a time capsule filled with seeds that might not be needed for 100 years or more. That’s exactly what happens at the Seed Viability Lab in NGB, where plant genetic material is stored at temperatures as low as -20°C to ensure long-term preservation.
How genetic conservation is rewriting the story of lost biodiversity
Have you ever wondered if ancient Egyptian crops that once thrived along the Nile could be brought back? The answer lies in the work of gene banks like NGB, where thousands of seeds from traditional and endangered varieties are preserved.
Preserving the past to secure the future of agriculture
Egypt is home to a rich diversity of plant, animal, and microbial genetic resources that have sustained agriculture for centuries. But with modern challenges like climate change and habitat loss, how do we ensure their survival?
